MVIIIHealth The MVIII app
← Back

Research · Practices

Whole-body cryotherapy

A Cochrane review found insufficient evidence that whole-body cryotherapy reduces muscle soreness, and two trials found it no better than a placebo for recovery. Meta-analyses of small trials report lower depression scores as an add-on treatment and less pain in ankylosing spondylitis. FDA has cleared no device and names asphyxiation, frostbite and burns as hazards.

Add to Bio HackChecked 2026-11-13
Status
A practice, not a regulated product. In a 2016 consumer update, FDA stated it had not cleared or approved any whole-body cryotherapy device for medical treatment of any specific condition [1].
Also called
WBC, cryotherapy chamber, cryo chamber, cryosauna, cryostimulation, whole-body cryostimulation, partial-body cryotherapy, PBC
Practiced for
muscle soreness, recovery, inflammation, chronic pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, sleep, weight loss, metabolism, cholesterol, testosterone, athletic performance, multiple sclerosis, migraine

Strong several reviews agree · Moderate one review or consistent trials · Limited one or a few small studies · Untested no study in people, listed with what it rests on

Shown to help9

Reported risks5

What people practice it for, and what was found

Shown to help9

Moderate

Depression symptoms

Shown to lower depression scores when added to usual treatment in people with mental health problems, in a meta-analysis of small studies with high heterogeneity.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 10 studies (294 participants receiving cryotherapy), the between-group effect on mental health problems was medium (Hedges' g 0.76, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.36). The within-group effect for depressive symptoms was very large (g 2.95, 95% CI 2.44 to 3.45) and for quality of life medium (g 0.70, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.24) [7]. In a sham-controlled trial of 10 sessions added to antidepressant medication, Hamilton depression scores improved more with cryogenic temperatures than with -50°C (group by time interaction p = 0.02), as did quality of life and self-rated mood. Sexual satisfaction, vitality and sleep did not change [8].
Population
10 studies, 6 of them controlled trials [7]. 92 adults with a depressive episode on medication, of whom 56 completed the study [8].
Sources
[7], [8]
Caveats
Heterogeneity in the pooled within-group estimate was 93%, and the reviewers added an allegiance bias rating because of who ran the studies [7]. Within-group effects include placebo response and natural recovery. Only 56 of 92 enrolled participants finished the sham-controlled trial [8].
Moderate

Inflammatory markers

Shown to lower interleukin-1 beta and raise interleukin-10 in a meta-analysis of 11 small trials. Single sessions after exercise did not change interleukin-6 or C-reactive protein.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 11 RCTs (274 participants), serum interleukin-1 beta was lower with cryotherapy than control (SMD -2.08) and interleukin-10 was higher (SMD 0.78) [9]. In 11 endurance-trained men, one 3-minute session at -110°C after interval running did not change interleukin-6, interleukin-10, C-reactive protein, cortisol or testosterone against rest [10]. In two placebo-controlled trials, neither cryotherapy nor cold water changed inflammation or muscle damage markers against placebo, apart from C-reactive protein at 24 hours [4][5].
Population
274 people in 11 RCTs, including athletes and people with obesity [9]. 11 trained men in a crossover [10]. 31 and 24 trained men [4][5].
Sources
[9], [10], [4], [5]
Caveats
The pooled trials are small and differ in population and exposure. Blood cytokines are lab markers, and none of these studies tied the change to a health outcome.
Moderate

Ankylosing spondylitis

Shown to improve pain, function and disease activity scores in people with ankylosing spondylitis in a meta-analysis of 5 studies. C-reactive protein did not change.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 5 studies (310 patients), cryotherapy improved the BASDAI disease activity index (p < 0.001), ASDAS (p = 0.015), BASFI function index (p = 0.006) and pain scores (p = 0.005). C-reactive protein did not change (p = 0.684) [11].
Population
310 people with ankylosing spondylitis in 5 studies with varied temperatures and session lengths of 80 seconds to 3 minutes [11].
Sources
[11]
Caveats
Five studies, with protocols that varied. The abstract gives p values without effect sizes, and the authors call for studies of tolerance and long-term results.
Moderate

Cholesterol and triglycerides

Shown to lower triglycerides in a meta-analysis of 7 studies. Total and LDL cholesterol were lower only after single studies were removed.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Pooled data from 7 studies showed significantly lower triglycerides after a series of sessions. Total cholesterol and LDL were significantly lower only in sensitivity analyses that removed single studies. Lower baseline body mass index was associated with larger changes [12].
Population
Participants in 7 studies [12].
Sources
[12]
Caveats
The authors urge caution because of the low number of studies and considerable differences in methods [12]. The abstract reports no effect sizes.
Limited

Fibromyalgia

Small trials found less pain and better quality of life scores in people with fibromyalgia after a course of sessions, compared with rest or usual care.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In 60 patients, pain fell 3.0 points on a visual analogue scale with cryotherapy against 0.3 with rest, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire scores fell 32.1 against 0.4 (all p < 0.001) [13]. In 24 patients, 10 sessions over 8 days improved health-related quality of life against usual care, lasting at least a month [14].
Population
60 patients in an open crossover trial, with only the first period analyzed [13]. 24 patients, 11 on cryotherapy and 13 controls [14].
Sources
[13], [14]
Caveats
Open trials with no sham, in a condition where symptoms respond strongly to expectation. A carry-over effect led one trial to discard its second period [13].
Limited

Cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment

One trial found better immediate recall and orientation scores after 10 sessions in 62 people with mild cognitive impairment, compared with a sham.

The numbers and sources
Effect
After the 10th session, immediate recall on the DemTect and orientation on the Test Your Memory differed between groups in favor of cryotherapy. Self-rated mood improved (p = 0.02 after the sessions, p = 0.07 two weeks later) [15].
Population
62 people with mild cognitive impairment, 33 at -110°C to -160°C and 29 in a sham group [15].
Sources
[15]
Caveats
One trial. Two subtests of several differed, and the difference was measured straight after the course.
Limited

Frozen shoulder

One trial found greater gains in pain and shoulder movement when cryotherapy was added to physical therapy in 30 people with adhesive capsulitis.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Pain, active range of motion in four directions and a shoulder function score improved more in the group that added whole-body cryotherapy to physical therapy and joint mobilization (P < .01) [16].
Population
30 patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, randomized to two groups [16].
Sources
[16]
Caveats
Thirty people, no sham, and the abstract gives no sizes.
Limited

Chronic low back pain

Limited evidence: pain and disability scores fell after a course of sessions in two studies with no control group.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In 41 adults with chronic low back pain, pain and disability scores fell significantly over 20 sessions in 5 weeks (p < 0.001) [17]. In 30 patients with lumbar spine osteoarthritis who also did therapeutic exercise, back pain fell significantly (p < 0.0001) and plasma cortisol rose (p = 0.0009) [18].
Population
41 adults aged 18 to 65 [17]. 30 patients with lumbar spine osteoarthritis [18].
Sources
[17], [18]
Caveats
Neither study had a control group, and one combined cryotherapy with exercise [18].
Limited

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Limited evidence: fatigue and functional status scores improved after a series of sessions in 48 people with multiple sclerosis, in a study with no untreated group.

The numbers and sources
Effect
After a series of daily sessions at -110°C or lower, functional status and the feeling of fatigue improved in both a low-fatigue and a high-fatigue group, with larger changes in the high-fatigue group [23].
Population
Two groups of 24 people with multiple sclerosis, matched for age and sex [23].
Sources
[23]
Caveats
Both groups received cryotherapy, so there is no comparison with no treatment.

Mixed results6

Moderate

Muscle soreness after exercise

Mixed results: a Cochrane review found insufficient evidence that whole-body cryotherapy reduces soreness, and two placebo-controlled trials found it no better than a sham treatment.

The numbers and sources
Effect
A Cochrane review of 4 trials (64 participants) found lower soreness at 1 hour (SMD -0.77, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.12). At 24 hours (SMD -0.57, 95% CI -1.48 to 0.33), 48 hours (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -1.37 to 0.21) and 72 hours (SMD -0.65, 95% CI -2.54 to 1.24) the intervals included no difference [2]. A review of 16 studies reported muscle pain was reduced in 80% of them [3]. After a marathon, 31 runners randomized to cryotherapy, cold water immersion or a placebo showed no advantage of either cold treatment over placebo for functional recovery or perceived training stress [4]. After a resistance session in 24 men, cryotherapy lowered soreness at 24 hours compared with cold water and placebo, and neither cold treatment sped recovery more than placebo overall [5].
Population
64 physically active young adults, all but 4 of them men [2]. Healthy, physically active people in 16 studies [3]. 31 endurance-trained men [4]. 24 resistance-trained men [5].
Sources
[2], [3], [4], [5]
Caveats
Cochrane rated all evidence very low in quality, with a high risk of bias in every trial, and concluded there was insufficient evidence [2]. The 16-study review counted positive studies and did not pool them [3]. The placebo-controlled trials suggest belief in the treatment may account for part of the reported benefit [4].
Limited

Recovery of muscle function

Mixed results: a review counted better performance recovery in most studies, while a marathon trial found worse muscle function after cryotherapy than after cold water immersion.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In a review of 16 studies, measures of athletic capacity and performance improved in 71% of studies using controlled exercise [3]. After a marathon, cryotherapy had a harmful effect on muscle function compared with cold water immersion and was no better than placebo [4]. After resistance exercise, peak force at 48 hours was higher with cryotherapy than with cold water or placebo, and most other outcomes were trivial, unclear or favored placebo [5]. In 14 academy soccer players, peak power, soreness and perceived recovery did not differ from seated rest after one session [6].
Population
Physically active people in 16 studies [3]. 31 male marathon runners [4]. 24 resistance-trained men [5]. 14 professional academy soccer players in a crossover [6].
Sources
[3], [4], [5], [6]
Caveats
Small trials with different temperatures, timings and exercise models. Only the two Wilson trials used a placebo.
Limited

Sleep

Mixed results: one small trial found better rated sleep and fewer night movements after a session following evening training, and a depression trial found no change in sleep.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In 22 physically active men, 3 minutes at -40°C after evening training reduced movements during the night and improved subjective sleep quality compared with passive recovery (p < 0.05). Pain the next morning was lower (p < 0.01) [20]. In adults with depression, self-assessed sleep did not change with 10 sessions against sham (p > 0.05) [8].
Population
22 physically active men [20]. 56 adults with a depressive episode who completed the trial [8].
Sources
[20], [8]
Caveats
The sleep trial had no sham, and its chamber ran at -40°C, warmer than the others on this page.
Limited

Weight and abdominal fat

Mixed results: body mass and waist fell after 20 sessions in an uncontrolled study of 37 women, and a scoping review of 8 studies reached no definitive conclusion.

The numbers and sources
Effect
A scoping review of 8 studies in people with obesity described cryotherapy as a promising add-on for abdominal obesity and body mass, and stated that the data fail to reach definitive conclusions [21]. In 19 women with metabolic syndrome and 18 healthy women, body mass, body mass index, waist circumference and total fat mass decreased significantly after 20 daily sessions of 3 minutes at -130°C [22].
Population
8 studies in people with obesity [21]. 37 postmenopausal women with a mean age of about 61 [22].
Sources
[21], [22]
Caveats
The study of women had no untreated group, and its abstract gives no amounts lost [22].
Limited

Performance when used before exercise

Limited evidence: a systematic review of 12 controlled studies found the effect of cryotherapy before exercise on performance unclear.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Of 12 controlled studies of whole-body or partial-body cryotherapy before exercise, 6 tested performance, 4 oxidative stress and 2 lysosomal enzymes. The reviewers judged the potential for favorable physical responses unclear, with little high-quality research available [24].
Population
Healthy or athletic participants in 12 studies [24].
Sources
[24]
Caveats
No pooled estimate. Protocols were not standardized across studies.
Limited

Testosterone

Mixed results: salivary testosterone was 21% to 28% higher after one session in 14 soccer players, and blood testosterone did not change in 11 runners.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In 14 academy soccer players, a session after repeated sprints produced a greater salivary testosterone response than seated rest at 2 hours (+21%) and 24 hours (+28%, both P = 0.002). Cortisol, creatine kinase and peak power did not differ [6]. In 11 endurance-trained men, a session after interval running did not change serum testosterone or cortisol against rest [10].
Population
14 professional academy soccer players [6]. 11 endurance-trained men [10].
Sources
[6], [10]
Caveats
Two small crossover studies using different fluids, saliva and serum, that disagree. Neither measured anything beyond 24 hours.

Not shown to help1

Limited

Rheumatoid arthritis

One study found people with rheumatoid arthritis improved about equally with whole-body cryotherapy and with traditional rehabilitation over 2 weeks.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Pain, disease activity, fatigue and walking measures improved similarly in both groups, as did interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha. The Health Assessment Questionnaire result was better in the traditional rehabilitation group (p < 0.05) [19].
Population
25 patients given cryotherapy at -110°C and 19 given traditional rehabilitation [19].
Sources
[19]
Caveats
A comparison of two active programs, not described as randomized, with no untreated group.

Not yet researched1

No research yet

Migraine

We haven't sourced research on this yet.

Protocols studied

Cochrane defines whole-body cryotherapy as single or repeated exposures to dry air below -100°C in a chamber or cabin for 2 to 4 minutes [2]. Recovery reviews covered -110°C to -190°C [3]. Trials commonly used 3 minutes at -110°C [10], 30 seconds at -60°C then 2 minutes at -135°C [6], or 3 and 4 minutes at -85°C [5]. One sleep trial used 3 minutes at -40°C [20].

Clinical studies ran courses: 10 sessions at -110°C to -160°C in depression and mild cognitive impairment [8][15], 10 sessions over 8 days in fibromyalgia [14], 20 sessions over 5 weeks at -160°C in low back pain [17], and 20 daily sessions at -130°C in women with metabolic syndrome [22]. A safety review separates whole-body chambers filled with refrigerated air at -50°C to -150°C from partial-body cabins, where the head stays outside and nitrogen mist reaches about -190°C [25].

Risks

Reported risks5

Moderate

FDA consumer warning

FDA states it has not cleared or approved any whole-body cryotherapy device for medical treatment, and names asphyxiation, frostbite, burns and eye injury as hazards.

The numbers and sources
Effect
In a consumer update dated July 5, 2016, FDA said it does not have evidence that whole-body cryotherapy treats conditions such as Alzheimer's, fibromyalgia, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, stress, anxiety or chronic pain. It listed potential hazards including asphyxiation, especially when liquid nitrogen is used for cooling, because nitrogen vapor in a closed room lowers oxygen and can cause loss of consciousness, along with frostbite, burns and eye injury. It also voiced concern about people choosing cryotherapy in place of established treatment [1].
Population
US consumers [1].
Sources
[1], [25]
Caveats
The update dates from 2016 and is cited here from an archived copy, since the page was no longer on FDA's site when checked in November 2026. A later safety review argues that some reports behind regulator concerns involved partial-body nitrogen cabins, not whole-body chambers [25].
Limited

Adverse events in published reports

A scoping review found 16 documented adverse events after whole-body cryotherapy in 5 case reports and 2 trials, 4 of them graded serious.

The numbers and sources
Effect
The 16 events were cold panniculitis, transient global amnesia, cerebral bleeding, moyamoya syndrome and aortic dissection from case reports, and 11 minor events in trials: headache, discomfort or dizziness, lasting shivering, raised blood pressure and hives. The reviewers rated causality possible or probable for the case reports and concluded the risks were within acceptable limits when contraindications are followed [25].
Population
Five case reports and two randomized trials [25].
Sources
[25], [2]
Caveats
The review's authors are a consortium of cryotherapy researchers. Events were counted only if published, and a Cochrane review found that none of its trials actively monitored adverse events [2].
Limited

Higher blood pressure after a session

One study found systolic blood pressure rose by an average of 19 mmHg after each 3-minute session at -130°C in 25 healthy young men.

The numbers and sources
Effect
Systolic pressure rose by an average of 19 mmHg after each of 15 daily sessions, and diastolic pressure rose 6 mmHg after the first. Heart rate fell by about 7 beats a minute. The response did not adapt over 15 sessions [26]. A case report describes abdominal aortic dissection in a 56-year-old after 15 sessions, which its authors suggest could be triggered by such blood pressure changes [27].
Population
25 men aged 21 with normal blood pressure [26]. One patient [27].
Sources
[26], [27]
Caveats
Young healthy men only. The authors state the rise makes the treatment unsuitable for advanced or uncontrolled hypertension [26]. A single case cannot establish cause.
Limited

Skin cold injury

Case reports: a cold burn from liquid nitrogen sprayed on a 71-year-old man's back, and cold panniculitis in a 47-year-old man after sessions.

The numbers and sources
Effect
A 71-year-old man had a cold burn after a nozzle was suspected to have malfunctioned and sprayed liquid nitrogen directly on his back for under a minute [28]. A 47-year-old man with autoimmune neutropenia developed cold panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat under the skin, after 8 sessions in 2 weeks, which settled within weeks of stopping [29][25].
Population
Two case reports [28][29].
Sources
[28], [29], [25]
Caveats
Single cases. The burn occurred in a nitrogen-cooled cabin [25].
Limited

Brain and blood vessel events

Case reports: transient global amnesia in a 63-year-old man and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in a teenager, each following a session.

The numbers and sources
Effect
A 63-year-old man had transient global amnesia after a session and recovered completely within 24 hours [30]. An adolescent developed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome after a session, a condition that carries a risk of bleeding in the brain and stroke [31]. A scoping review lists further single cases of cerebral bleeding and moyamoya syndrome [25].
Population
Single case reports [30][31].
Sources
[30], [31], [25]
Caveats
Case reports cannot give a rate or prove cause. The amnesia patient also reported heavy work stress, another known trigger [25].

Claims tested and not found

  1. That whole-body cryotherapy beats a placebo for recovery. After a marathon and after a resistance session, neither cryotherapy nor cold water immersion sped recovery more than a placebo [4][5].
  2. That a session after hard exercise lowers inflammation and muscle damage markers. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and myoglobin did not differ from rest in 11 trained men [10].
  3. That cryotherapy outperforms standard rehabilitation in rheumatoid arthritis. Both groups improved about equally over 2 weeks [19].
  4. That cryotherapy before exercise improves performance. A systematic review of 12 controlled studies judged the effect unclear [24].

Sources

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC): A "Cool" Trend that Lacks Evidence, Poses Risks. Consumer Update. 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20240213033124/https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/whole-body-cryotherapy-wbc-cool-trend-lacks-evidence-poses-risks
  2. Costello JT, Baker PR, Minett GM, et al. Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010789.pub2
  3. Rose C, Edwards KM, Siegler J, et al. Whole-body Cryotherapy as a Recovery Technique after Exercise: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-114861
  4. Wilson LJ, Cockburn E, Paice K, et al. Recovery following a marathon: a comparison of cold water immersion, whole body cryotherapy and a placebo control. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3757-z
  5. Wilson LJ, Dimitriou L, Hills FA, et al. Whole body cryotherapy, cold water immersion, or a placebo following resistance exercise: a case of mind over matter? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4008-7
  6. Russell M, Birch J, Love T, et al. The Effects of a Single Whole-Body Cryotherapy Exposure on Physiological, Performance, and Perceptual Responses of Professional Academy Soccer Players After Repeated Sprint Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001505
  7. Doets JJR, Topper M, Nugter AM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of whole body cryotherapy on mental health problems. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102783
  8. Rymaszewska J, Lion KM, Pawlik-Sobecka L, et al. Efficacy of the Whole-Body Cryotherapy as Add-on Therapy to Pharmacological Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00522
  9. He J, Zhang X, Ge Z, et al. Whole-body cryotherapy can reduce the inflammatory response in humans: a meta-analysis based on 11 randomized controlled trials. Scientific Reports. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90396-3
  10. Krueger M, Costello JT, Achtzehn S, et al. Whole-body cryotherapy (-110 °C) following high-intensity intermittent exercise does not alter hormonal, inflammatory or muscle damage biomarkers in trained males. Cytokine. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.018
  11. Saidane O, Bouden S, Ben Dhia S, et al. Efficacy of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/27683605251385396
  12. Rymaszewska JE, Stańczykiewicz B, Lion K, Misiak B. The impact of whole-body cryotherapy on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102568
  13. Rivera J, Tercero MJ, Salas JS, et al. The effect of cryotherapy on fibromyalgia: a randomised clinical trial carried out in a cryosauna cabin. Rheumatology International. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4176-0
  14. Vitenet M, Tubez F, Marreiro A, et al. Effect of whole body cryotherapy interventions on health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.10.011
  15. Rymaszewska J, Lion KM, Stańczykiewicz B, et al. The improvement of cognitive deficits after whole-body cryotherapy, a randomised controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111237
  16. Ma SY, Je HD, Jeong JH, et al. Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.013
  17. Salas-Fraire O, Rivera-Pérez JA, Guevara-Neri NP, et al. Efficacy of whole-body cryotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain: Quasi-experimental study. Journal of Orthopaedic Science. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2021.10.006
  18. Barłowska-Trybulec M, Zawojska K, Szklarczyk J, Góralska M. Effect of whole body cryotherapy on low back pain and release of endorphins and stress hormones in patients with lumbar spine osteoarthritis. Reumatologia. 2022. https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2022.119040
  19. Gizińska M, Rutkowski R, Romanowski W, et al. Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Comparison with Other Physical Modalities Used with Kinesitherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BioMed Research International. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/409174
  20. Douzi W, Dupuy O, Tanneau M, et al. 3-min whole body cryotherapy/cryostimulation after training in the evening improves sleep quality in physically active men. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1551937
  21. Fontana JM, Bozgeyik S, Gobbi M, et al. Whole-body cryostimulation in obesity. A scoping review. Journal of Thermal Biology. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103250
  22. Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Is an Effective Method of Reducing Abdominal Obesity in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092797
  23. Miller E, Kostka J, Włodarczyk T, Dugué B. Whole-body cryostimulation (cryotherapy) provides benefits for fatigue and functional status in multiple sclerosis patients. A case-control study. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.12557
  24. Partridge EM, Cooke J, McKune AJ, Pyne DB. Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9100135
  25. Legrand FD, Dugué B, Costello J, et al. Evaluating safety risks of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC): a scoping review from an international consortium. European Journal of Medical Research. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01385-z
  26. Lubkowska A, Szyguła Z. Changes in blood pressure with compensatory heart rate decrease and in the level of aerobic capacity in response to repeated whole-body cryostimulation in normotensive, young and physically active men. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 2010. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10001-010-0037-0
  27. Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Azpiri-López JR, Vázquez-Díaz LA, Galarza-Delgado DA. Abdominal Aortic Dissection and Cold-Intolerance After Whole-Body Cryotherapy: A Case Report. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000376
  28. O'Connor M, Wang JV, Gaspari AA. Cold burn injury after treatment at whole-body cryotherapy facility. JAAD Case Reports. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.10.006
  29. Greenwald E, Christman M, Penn L, et al. Cold panniculitis: Adverse cutaneous effect of whole-body cryotherapy. JAAD Case Reports. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.02.010
  30. Carrard J, Lambert AC, Genné D. Transient global amnesia following a whole-body cryotherapy session. BMJ Case Reports. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-221431
  31. Dantas M, Zilinskas K, Shen C, Summer A. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Triggered by Whole-Body Cryotherapy in a Teenager. Journal of Child Neurology. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738251408116

Everything in the library