MVIIIHealth The MVIII app
← Back

Research · Daily life

Physical activity

Pooled cohorts link about 150 minutes a week of moderate activity to about 30% fewer deaths and less heart disease, type 2 diabetes and several cancers, with gains flattening at 3 to 5 times that amount. In trials, exercise lowered blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides and depression symptoms. Vigorous exertion briefly raised the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Checked 2026-11-13
Status
A daily life factor, not a product.
Also called
exercise, aerobic exercise, cardio, moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA, leisure-time physical activity, 150 minutes a week, activity guidelines, working out, brisk walking, jogging, running, cycling, MET-hours, exercise for depression
Studied for
living longer, heart health, diabetes prevention, blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, mood, depression, anxiety, dementia prevention, cancer prevention, weight, period pain, PMS, PCOS, endometriosis

Strong several reviews agree · Moderate one review or consistent trials · Limited one or a few small studies · Untested no study in people, listed with what it rests on

Shown to help13

Reported risks2

What it was studied for, and what was found

Shown to help13

Strong

Death from any cause

Linked to about 30% fewer deaths at the guideline amount of 150 minutes a week in pooled cohorts, with the curve flattening at 3 to 5 times that amount.

Compared with people reporting no leisure-time physical activity [1]; people doing no non-occupational activity, the reference of its dose-response curves [2]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Against no leisure activity, mortality was 20% lower below the guideline minimum of 7.5 MET-hours a week (HR 0.80), 31% lower at 1 to 2 times the minimum (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.70) and 37% lower at 2 to 3 times. The benefit leveled off at 3 to 5 times the minimum (HR 0.61). There was no sign of harm at 10 times or more (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.78) [1]. At 8.75 mMET-hours a week, equal to 150 minutes of moderate activity, the RR was 0.69 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.73). Differences were largest between none and that amount, smaller up to double it, and small and uncertain beyond. If all insufficiently active people reached that amount, 15.7% of premature deaths would have been averted [2].
Population
661,137 adults, median age 62, with 116,686 deaths in 6 US and European cohorts, median follow-up 14.2 years [1]. Over 30 million participants in 94 cohorts, with 811,616 deaths in the mortality analysis [2].
Sources
[1], [2]
Caveats
Observational, with self-reported activity. Illness lowers activity before death, which is reverse causation, and active people differ in diet, smoking and income. The averted-deaths figure assumes the link is causal [2].
Strong

Heart disease and stroke

Linked to about 17% less cardiovascular disease and 23% to 29% fewer cardiovascular deaths at the guideline amount in pooled cohorts, with the largest gains moving from none to some.

Compared with people doing no non-occupational activity [2]; inactive people [3]; insufficiently active people, under 600 MET-minutes a week [4]

The numbers and sources
Effect
At 150 minutes a week of moderate activity, cardiovascular death had an RR of 0.71 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.77) [2]. Moving from inactive to that amount was linked to 23% fewer cardiovascular deaths (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.84) and 17% less new cardiovascular disease (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.89), after adjusting for body weight [3]. In the most active group, ischemic heart disease was 25% lower (RR 0.754) and ischemic stroke 26% lower (RR 0.736), with most of the gain at lower activity levels, up to 3,000 to 4,000 MET-minutes a week [4].
Population
28,884,209 person-years with 74,757 cardiovascular events [2]. 3,439,874 participants in 36 studies, followed an average 12.3 years [3]. 43 studies of heart disease and 26 of stroke [4].
Sources
[2], [3], [4]
Caveats
Observational. Early heart disease limits activity, which is reverse causation. The reviews draw on overlapping cohorts.
Strong

Type 2 diabetes

Linked to 26% less type 2 diabetes at 150 minutes a week of moderate activity in pooled cohorts, with further but smaller drops at higher amounts.

Compared with inactive individuals [5]; the lowest activity group [6]; inactive people [3]; insufficiently active people [4]

The numbers and sources
Effect
At 11.25 MET-hours a week, about 150 minutes of moderate activity, type 2 diabetes risk was 26% lower (95% CI 20% to 31%). Twice that amount was linked to 36% lower risk and 60 MET-hours a week to 53% lower [5]. High against low leisure-time activity had an RR of 0.74 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.79), and walking 0.85, with steeper drops at low activity levels [6]. A third review found 26% lower risk at 150 minutes a week (RR 0.74) [3]. In another, raising activity from 9,000 to 12,000 MET-minutes a week lowered risk by only 0.6% more [4].
Population
28 prospective studies [5]. 81 studies [6]. 3 studies of diabetes [3]. 55 studies of diabetes [4].
Sources
[5], [6], [3], [4]
Caveats
Observational. Part of the link may run through body weight [6]. Heterogeneity was high for leisure-time activity (I² 84%) [6].
Moderate

HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes

Shown to lower HbA1c by 0.67% with structured exercise training in type 2 diabetes, and by 0.89% with more than 150 minutes a week.

Compared with control groups in randomized trials [7]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Structured exercise training lowered HbA1c by 0.67% (95% CI -0.84% to -0.49%) against control groups. Aerobic training lowered it 0.73%, resistance training 0.57% and both combined 0.51%. More than 150 minutes a week lowered it 0.89%, and 150 minutes or less 0.36%. Activity advice lowered HbA1c only when combined with diet advice (-0.58%) [7].
Population
8,538 patients with type 2 diabetes in 47 randomized trials of at least 12 weeks [7].
Sources
[7]
Caveats
Heterogeneity was very high (I² 91.3%) [7].
Strong

Blood fats

Shown to lower triglycerides in pooled trials of aerobic training, with HDL cholesterol rising modestly in two reviews and not changing overall in a third.

Compared with control groups in randomized trials [8][9]; no exercise, or diet alone [10]

The numbers and sources
Effect
HDL cholesterol rose by 2.53 mg/dL against controls, from a minimum of about 120 minutes of exercise a week, and rose more with longer sessions [8]. In sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome factors, aerobic training lowered triglycerides by 0.17 to 0.18 mmol/L, total cholesterol by 0.19 to 0.29 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol by 0.12 to 0.20 mmol/L, and raised HDL cholesterol by 0.05 to 0.10 mmol/L [9]. In adults with overweight or obesity, aerobic exercise lowered triglycerides and did not change total, HDL or LDL cholesterol overall [10].
Population
25 randomized trials [8]. 2,990 participants in 48 data sets of trials of at least 12 weeks [9]. 619 adults with overweight or obesity in 9 trials [10].
Sources
[8], [9], [10]
Caveats
Changes were modest. The populations differed across reviews, which may explain the HDL difference.
Strong

Blood pressure

Shown to lower resting blood pressure by about 3.5 to 4.5 mmHg systolic with aerobic training in pooled trials, and by about 8 mmHg in people with hypertension.

Compared with non-exercising control groups [11][12]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Endurance training lowered systolic pressure 3.5 mmHg (95% CI -4.6 to -2.3) and diastolic 2.5 mmHg. In people with hypertension the fall was 8.3/5.2 mmHg, and in people with normal pressure 0.75/1.1 mmHg, with the systolic change not significant [11]. A larger analysis found aerobic training lowered pressure by 4.49/2.53 mmHg, high-intensity interval training by 4.08/2.50 and isometric training by 8.24/4.00 [12].
Population
5,223 healthy adults in 93 trials of at least 4 weeks [11]. 15,827 participants in 270 trials [12].
Sources
[11], [12]
Caveats
Trials ran weeks to months, and blinding to exercise is not possible.
Strong

Depression and anxiety symptoms in trials

Shown to lower depression and anxiety symptoms by a medium amount in trials across many groups, including people with major depression, in reviews rated low in quality.

Compared with usual care [13]; active controls such as usual care or a placebo tablet [14]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 97 reviews, physical activity had medium effects on depression (median effect size -0.43), anxiety (-0.42) and psychological distress (-0.60, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.42), with larger effects at higher intensity [13]. In major depression, walking or jogging (g -0.62, 95% credible interval -0.80 to -0.45) and mixed aerobic exercise (g -0.43) reduced symptoms, with effects in proportion to the intensity prescribed [14].
Population
128,119 participants in 1,039 trials within 97 reviews [13]. 14,170 people with major depression in 218 trials [14].
Sources
[13], [14]
Caveats
Most reviews were rated critically low in quality [13]. Only one depression trial was at low risk of bias, and participants could not be blinded [14].
Moderate

Depression in cohorts

Linked to 18% less depression at half the guideline amount and 25% less at the guideline amount, in one meta-analysis of cohorts, with smaller gains beyond.

Compared with adults reporting no activity [15]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Against no activity, half the guideline volume (4.4 mMET-hours a week) was linked to 18% lower risk of depression (95% CI 13% to 23%) and the guideline volume (8.8 mMET-hours a week) to 25% lower risk (95% CI 18% to 32%), with diminishing returns and more uncertainty above that [15].
Population
191,130 adults in 15 cohorts, followed at least 3 years [15].
Sources
[15]
Caveats
Observational, with large heterogeneity (I² 74%). Low mood lowers activity, which is reverse causation.
Strong

Cancer

Linked to lower risk of 13 of 26 cancer types and about 15% fewer cancer deaths in pooled cohorts, with slightly more melanoma and prostate cancer.

Compared with people at the 10th percentile of leisure-time activity [18]; people doing no non-occupational activity [2]; insufficiently active people [4]

The numbers and sources
Effect
High against low leisure activity was linked to lower risk of 13 cancers, including lung (HR 0.74), colon (HR 0.84), endometrial (HR 0.79) and breast (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.93). It was linked to more melanoma (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.40) and prostate cancer (HR 1.05) [18]. Cancer death had an RR of 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89) at 150 minutes a week of moderate activity [2]. The most active people had 14% less breast cancer and 21% less colon cancer [4].
Population
1.44 million adults, median age 59, with 186,932 cancers in 12 cohorts [18]. 35,500,867 person-years with 185,870 cancers [2]. 35 studies of breast and 19 of colon cancer [4].
Sources
[18], [2], [4]
Caveats
Observational. Adjusting for body mass index weakened several links, though 10 of 13 stayed significant [18]. The abstracts do not report whether sun exposure or cancer screening differed between groups.
StrongStudied in women

Period pain in trials

Shown in two reviews of trials to lower period pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea, by about 2 to 2.5 cm on a 10 cm pain scale.

Compared with no treatment [23]; mefenamic acid in one trial [23]; comparators of any kind, not described in the source abstract [24]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Against no exercise, exercise lowered period pain (SMD -1.86, 95% CI -2.06 to -1.66, 9 RCTs, 632 women, low-quality evidence), about 25 mm on a 100 mm scale. Whether adverse events differed was uncertain [23]. A second review found pain intensity 1.89 cm lower on a visual analogue scale (95% CI 1.09 to 2.96) and pain lasting 3.92 hours less (95% CI 2.97 to 4.86), with moderate-quality evidence for intensity [24].
Population
854 women with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea in 12 trials, 754 pooled [23]; 1,681 women in 15 RCTs, 11 pooled [24].
Sources
[23], [24]
Caveats
Heterogeneity was high in both reviews, and no trial compared exercise with an attention control [23][24]. Trials used stretching, core work, yoga, Zumba or aerobic training, about 45 to 60 minutes three or more times a week [23].
ModerateStudied in women

PMS symptoms in trials

Shown in one review of trials to lower overall PMS symptoms more than no exercise, along with psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms, in trials mostly at high risk of bias.

Compared with non-exercise comparator groups [25]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 7 pooled trials (265 women), exercise of at least 8 weeks lowered global PMS symptom scores (SMD -1.08, 95% CI -1.88 to -0.29, I² 87%). Psychological (SMD -1.67), physical (SMD -1.62) and behavioral (SMD -1.94) symptoms also fell [25].
Population
717 women with PMS in 15 RCTs [25].
Sources
[25]
Caveats
87% of trials were at high risk of bias, and heterogeneity was substantial [25].
LimitedStudied in women

Endometriosis symptoms in trials

Limited evidence: a review of 6 small trials found exercise improved pain-related quality of life in women with endometriosis, from a pooled analysis of 2 trials.

Compared with activities of daily living or conventional treatment [26]

The numbers and sources
Effect
The trials reported better quality of life, pain intensity, mental health, pelvic floor function and bone density with exercise. Pooling 2 trials, the pain domain of quality of life improved (P < 0.0001), along with control and powerlessness and emotional well-being [26].
Population
251 women with endometriosis in 6 RCTs [26].
Sources
[26]
Caveats
Outcomes differed between trials and were incompletely reported, so only 2 could be pooled. Trials were short, and the abstract gives no effect size for pain [26].
ModerateStudied in women

Insulin resistance and weight in PCOS, in trials

Shown in trials to lower fasting insulin and insulin resistance slightly in women with PCOS. Fasting glucose did not change, at very low to low quality.

Compared with usual care or control groups [27]; before exercise, including trials with no control group [28]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Against control, exercise lowered fasting insulin (MD -2.44 µIU/mL, 95% CI -4.24 to -0.64) and HOMA-IR (MD -0.57, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.14), both very low quality, and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Waist fell 2.62 cm and BMI 1.02 kg/m2 after the programs. Fasting glucose and blood pressure did not change. Exercise added to diet did not differ from diet alone [27]. Vigorous exercise was linked to a 36.2% fall in HOMA-IR, a 4.2% fall in waist circumference and a 24.2% rise in VO2peak [28].
Population
18 trials in women with PCOS [27]; 777 women in 19 studies, including uncontrolled trials, of 6 to 26 weeks [28].
Sources
[27], [28]
Caveats
Many effects were modest with wide intervals and shifted when single trials were added or removed [27]. [28] pooled controlled and uncontrolled studies.

Mixed results2

Moderate

Dementia

Mixed results: one meta-analysis linked activity to 20% less dementia even with long follow-up, while another found no link once activity was measured 10 or more years before diagnosis.

Compared with people with lower activity, as each study defined it [16]; physically inactive participants [17]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Activity was linked to lower all-cause dementia (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.84) and Alzheimer's disease (RR 0.86), including in follow-ups of 20 years or more [16]. Inactivity measured under 10 years before diagnosis was linked to more dementia (HR 1.40). Measured 10 or more years before, it was not (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.14) [17].
Population
257,983 adults for all-cause dementia in 58 studies [16]. 404,840 people, mean age 45.5, in 19 cohorts with 2,044 dementia cases [17].
Sources
[16], [17]
Caveats
Dementia develops for years before diagnosis and lowers activity in that time, so reverse causation is a strong candidate [17]. There were signs of publication bias [16].
ModerateStudied in women

Fewer fibroids with more physical activity

Mixed results: more intense physical activity was linked to about 14% lower odds of fibroids, while regular activity overall was not significantly linked, in pooled observational studies.

Compared with women who did not regularly do physical activity [22]; women doing less intense activity [22]

The numbers and sources
Effect
Across 8 studies, women who regularly did physical activity did not differ significantly in their odds of having fibroids from women who did not (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.05, I² 77.6%). Across 5 studies, women doing more intense activity had lower odds than women doing less intense activity (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99, I² 80.5%). The largest study, a retrospective cohort of Korean women, found a small rise in fibroids with regular exercise [22].
Population
Women in 15 studies (3 cross-sectional, 6 case-control and 6 cohort), 11 of them pooled, published 1986 to 2024 [22].
Sources
[22]
Caveats
Observational, with high heterogeneity. The reviewers rated the evidence low quality for imprecision and risk of bias [22]. Active women differ in body weight and other habits, and fibroid symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pain can limit activity, so confounding and reverse causation are possible.

Amounts studied

The WHO 2020 guidelines set 150 to 300 minutes of moderate or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity a week for adults, with muscle-strengthening activity on 2 or more days, and note added benefits above 300 minutes [19]. Cohorts expressed this as 7.5 MET-hours a week [1], 8.75 marginal MET-hours a week [2], 11.25 MET-hours a week [5] or 600 MET-minutes a week [4]. The mortality curve flattened at 3 to 5 times the minimum [1], and differences beyond twice the guideline amount were small and uncertain [2].

Trials in type 2 diabetes ran at least 12 weeks and compared more than 150 minutes a week with less [7]. Aerobic training trials for blood fats ran at least 12 weeks [9], and HDL cholesterol rose from about 120 minutes a week [8]. Blood pressure trials ran at least 2 to 4 weeks [11][12].

Risks

Reported risks2

LimitedStudied in menHow often is not known

Sudden cardiac death during vigorous exertion

Linked to a brief rise in sudden cardiac death during and just after vigorous exertion in one cohort of men, very rare per bout and smaller in regular exercisers.

The numbers and sources
How common
How often is not known: the sources give no rate.
Effect
The relative risk of sudden death during and up to 30 minutes after vigorous exertion was 16.9 (95% CI 10.5 to 27.0) against lighter or no exertion. The absolute risk was 1 sudden death per 1.51 million episodes of exertion. Habitual vigorous exercise lowered the added risk, and baseline exercise level was not linked to overall sudden death risk [20].
Population
21,481 male physicians free of heart disease, followed 12 years, with 122 sudden deaths [20].
Sources
[20]
Caveats
One cohort of men. The figure is per episode of exertion, not a share of people.
ModerateHow often is not known

Minor adverse events in exercise trials

Shown to raise non-serious adverse events by about a fifth in exercise therapy trials, one extra event for every 6 people, with no rise in serious events.

The numbers and sources
How common
How often is not known: the sources give no rate.
Effect
Exercise therapy raised non-serious adverse events (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30), a number needed to harm of 6. Serious adverse events did not rise (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.02) [21].
Population
38,517 participants in 375 trials for non-serious and 38,368 in 378 trials for serious events, drawn from 180 Cochrane reviews [21].
Sources
[21]
Caveats
Trials were of exercise therapy, often in people with a health condition, and recorded adverse events in different ways. The abstract does not name the events.

Claims tested and not found

  1. That very high amounts of exercise shorten life. At 10 or more times the guideline minimum, mortality was still lower than with no activity (HR 0.69) [1].
  2. That gains keep rising in step with ever more activity. The mortality benefit leveled off at 3 to 5 times the guideline minimum [1], and differences beyond twice the guideline amount were small and uncertain [2].
  3. That activity advice alone lowers HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. Advice alone was not linked to HbA1c change, only advice combined with diet advice [7].
  4. That exercise trials carry more serious adverse events. Serious events did not rise (RR 0.96) [21].

Related

Daily stepsSitting timeStrength training

Sources

  1. Arem H, Moore SC, Patel A, et al. Leisure time physical activity and mortality: a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0533
  2. Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, et al. Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-105669
  3. Wahid A, Manek N, Nichols M, et al. Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002495
  4. Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857
  5. Smith AD, Crippa A, Woodcock J, Brage S. Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4079-0
  6. Aune D, Norat T, Leitzmann M, Tonstad S, Vatten LJ. Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0056-z
  7. Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.576
  8. Kodama S, Tanaka S, Saito K, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.10.999
  9. Wood G, Taylor E, Ng V, et al. Determining the effect size of aerobic exercise training on the standard lipid profile in sedentary adults with three or more metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-103999
  10. Cai M, Zou Z. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood lipid and glucose in obese or overweight adults: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2015.10.010
  11. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473
  12. Edwards JJ, Deenmamode AHP, Griffiths M, et al. Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503
  13. Singh B, Olds T, Curtis R, et al. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195
  14. Noetel M, Sanders T, Gallardo-Gómez D, et al. Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075847
  15. Pearce M, Garcia L, Abbas A, et al. Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609
  16. Iso-Markku P, Kujala UM, Knittle K, et al. Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104981
  17. Kivimäki M, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J, et al. Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1495
  18. Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, et al. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548
  19. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  20. Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, et al. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200011093431902
  21. Niemeijer A, Lund H, Stafne SN, et al. Adverse events of exercise therapy in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100461
  22. Birolim MM, Souza SCS, Rodrigues R, et al. The Association Between Physical Activity and Uterine Leiomyoma and Its Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Health Science Reports. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70487
  23. Armour M, Ee CC, Naidoo D, et al. Exercise for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004142.pub4
  24. Matthewman G, Lee A, Kaur JG, Daley AJ. Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.001
  25. Pearce E, Jolly K, Jones LL, et al. Exercise for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BJGP Open. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20x101032
  26. Xie M, Qing X, Huang H, et al. The effectiveness and safety of physical activity and exercise on women with endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317820
  27. Kite C, Lahart IM, Afzal I, et al. Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0962-3
  28. Patten RK, Boyle RA, Moholdt T, et al. Exercise Interventions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00606

Everything in the library